Steam-generator.



Patefited Jan. l4, I902.

W. MORGAN S.

STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application filed June 21, 1901.)

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No. 69l,286. Patented Ian. [4, I902. W. MORGANS.

STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application filed June 21, 1901.)

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. Pat ented Ian. 14, I902v w MUR GANS. STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application filed June 21 1901.)

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Patented Ian. I4, 1902.

W. MUBGANS. STEA'M GENERATOR.

(Application filed June 21, 1901,)

No. 69l,286."

(No Model.)

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No. 69l,286. Patented Ian. I4, I902.

w. MOBGANS. STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application filed June 21, 1901.)

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(No Model.)

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N0. 6 9|,236. Patented Ian. 14, I902. W.' MURGANS.

STEAM GENERATOR. (Application file (1 311118 21, 1901.

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Patented Ian. 14, |902.

Mum/m W w. MORGANS. STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application filed June 21, 1901.)

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U ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

WILLIAM MORGANS, or CHELSEA, ENGLAND.

. STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 691,286, dated January 14, 1902.

Application filed June 21, 1901.

London, England, have invented Improvements in Steam-Generators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention hasreference to a construction of steam-generators, according to which one compartment is arranged to surround another,wherein a higher pressure is maintained and the lower pressure in the surrounding compartment is utilized to counteract partly the higher pressure in the surrounded compartment in such a manner as to enable steam at high pressure to be safelygenerated in the inner or inmost compartment with lighter shells than in steam generators of'cylindrical types as heretofore usually constructed, thereby saving weight, facilitating manufacture, and securing other advantages, as hereinafter described. The number of compartments in such a steam-generator, their relative arrangement, and other details are susceptible of considerable variation. According to one construction two or more cylindrical boilershells of dilferent diameters arranged one within another are all connected at their ends to end plates in the manner usually adopted in the construction of cylindrical boilers. The inner or inmost compartment and the annular compartment or compartments between the shells are provided with furnaces or tubes, or both, for-the combustion of fuel and the passage of hot gases for the evaporation into steam of the water which is fed into each of the said compartments. The steam thus generated within the several compartments is accumulated in each at the desired respective pressure in the space above the surface of the water in such compartment. The highest-pressure steam required is generated and accumulated in the inner (if there be only two) or inmost compartment. Steam is generated and accumulated in the next outer compartment at a lower pressure, which actsexternally upon the shell of the compartment that it surrounds, and thereby reduces thebursting stress upon it, while in like'manner if there be a third compartment :th'ebursting stress upon the outer shell of the second compartment is reduced by the pres- Serial No. 65,481- (No modelfl sure of steam generated and accumulated within the third compartment, and so on.

By thus utilizing the fluid-pressure'within pnecompartment to relieve strain on the shellof the next inner compartment it is practicable without using shellplates'of great thickness toproduce steam of very high pressure, while at the same time obviating drawbacks connected with the generation of steam in long tubes of comparatively small diameter, as in water-tube boilers, and retaining important advantages of well-known cylindrical types of boilers, such as those of'the Cornish, the Lancas'hire, and the Scotch, or ordinary marine classes.

'Each compartment may be fed with water quite independently of the other or others; but usually it will probably be found preferable to feed the inner compartment or compartments with hot water drawn from an outer compartment or compartments. This choice of a source of feed water at different temperatures will tendto facilitate the maintenance of steam ata desiredpressure in any given compartment; also, it the inner or higherpressure compartment or compartments be fed from the outer compartment or compartments less sediment or other objectionable matter will be likely to be carried into the former than would be the case if it or they were fed direct from the hot-well or other source, because the arrangement enables lime, salt, or other deposit or grease or other objectionable matter to be arrested in and blown out from (and gases held in suspension to be liberated from the water in) the outer compartment, so that the water therein is more or less purified or improved as feedwater for the inner compartment, which supplies steam at the highest pressure and from which it is most desirable to exclude sediment, deposit, gases in suspension, or grease, such as may cause injury to the boiler or priming.

v As a means of maintaining the pressure of the steam in any given compartment within the desired limits there is or may be provided a system of safety and relief or reducing valves such that while any excess of pressure in the outer or outmost compartment will be relieved by discharging the steam into the atmosphere anye'xcess of pressure in an inner compartment will'be relieved by discharging the steam into the next outer compartment instead of discharging it into the atmosphere; also, a system of relief or reducing valves is or may be provided such that if the pressure in an inner compartment fall below thepressure in the next outer compartment steam or water shall pass from the outer to the inner compartment in order to avoid exposing the intervening shell to any collapsing stress.

The respective compartments are or may be provided with the usual steam and Water gages,blow-ofi cocks, check feed-va-lves,scumcocks, safety and other valves, man and mud holes, antiprimiug-pipes, and other mountings and fittings as may be required,and when desired steam and mud drums can also be provided. Heat passing through the shell from the inner compartment will be communicated to the Water and steam in the next outage-ompartment and in that way will be utilized. Only from the outmost' shell mayhe'a't thus passing be lost, and as the water and steam contained by that shell will be of much'lo'wer temperature than that of the steam of the maximum or working pressure required any such loss of heat will be minimized. I,

The combined boilers may be fired inter- 'n-ally or externally, or both. The notgas'es' may be'made to pass or return, or both,

through tubes through oneor'more compare inents, and regulators or dampers maybe used for controlling-the amount of ucat commnnicated to any compartment or part there of. To facilitate the maintenanceofthe desired pressure in the respective compartments, the tubes of theseveral compartments may be of la'rgenofr smaller diameter, so as thereby to adjust the heating-surface, and'in some cases retarders" may be fitted in the tubes for regulatinglhe passage of the hot gases'therethrough. I 1

Instead of having its furnace or furnaces located within one of its surrounding orsu'r-' rounded compartments a compound steamgenerator, such as described, may in some cases comprise one or more internally or ex- 'ternally fired cylindrical vessels or drums having its or their water space or spaces co'unectedby suitable pipes or passages Witht'he inmost or an inner compartment of a'series of compartments, such as hereiubefore described.

In some cases it-will be convenient to ar range the several compartments eccentrically to one another to'atford additional or better accommodation for internal furnaces and fines. In such an arrangement the axes of the fines may be substantially in a common horizontal plane or otherwise.

The furnace or furnaces of one or offe'a'ch compartment may be arranged below or'above that or those of the compartment that it immediatelysurrounds. There may be transverse'pockets, channels, 'or tubes connecting the respective sides of an outer compartment below the top of the compartment it immediately surrounds, so as to promote circulation of the water. In some cases provision may be made for maintaining the water within the outer compartment or each of said compartments at a level such as to drown the shell of the compartment that it immediately surrounds. r

A pair of compound steam-generators such as described can be arranged with an external furnace or furnaces located centrally in relation to the pair in a manner to improve circulation and to obviate or mitigate deposit of incrustation directly over the furnace. In like manner one compound steam-generator may be arranged with an external furnace placed more or less on one side of the vertical plane containing the axis of the generator with similar objects, orth'e furnace or furnaces of such a steanpgenerator may be placed internally more or lesson one side of the said plane of the generator for improving circulation. Improved circulation may be promoted by providing more tubular heating-surface for one side of a compartment than the other side or by causing more'he'at to be distributed on one side than the other side.

. Thisgeueral arrangement for raisingh'ighpressure steam in stages in compartments "formed by'shells of different diameters placed the smaller withinthelarger and so disposed that steam at the lowest stage of pressure is produced in the outermost compartment and steam at the highest stage of pressureis generated in the innermost compartment lends itself favorably to the application of external tiring with grates of any desirable widths, (the sizes of such grates not being controlled by the sizes of the f urnace-flues or fire-boxes) and provided, if need be,-with brick arches or linings for promoting complete combustion, because the fire can be applied to the shell of the outer compartment in which the steam being at the lowest stageof press'urepermits the use of comparatively thin she'll-plates besure, and the requisite pressure or pressures may be produced and maiutainedby a pump or pumps or otherwise. A compartment-or compartments so charged may be partially filled with some inelastic medium, such as oil or Water. In such a-case a relief-valve arrangement is or may be provided that would allow steam from the steam-generating compartment or compartments to enter the air or gas compartment or compartments should the pressure in the latter fall too low and that ICC likewise would allow the air or gas to enter the next inner compartment should the pressure in the latter fall too low.

Reference being had to the accompanying illustrative drawings, Figure 1 shows in diagrammatic front end view an internally-fired steam-generator of the marine type embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view corresponding partly to the line A A of Fig. 1 and partly to the line B B thereof. Fig. 3 is a half cross-sectional view corresponding to the line C of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 of another construction of steam-generator of a modified marine type. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional View corresponding to the line D D of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 4 of a double-ended steam-generator of a modified marine type. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the line E E of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 shows in central cross section an externally fired steam generator with internal flue-tubes. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the line F F of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 shows chiefly in cross-section a pair of steam-generators with an external furnace and a common steam-drum. Fig. 11 shows in detail a modification. compound steam generator wherein internally-fired small cylindrical vessels or drums are connected by pipes with the inmost compartment of a series arranged according to this invention, these compartments having flue-tubes running through them. Fig. 13 shows an internally-fired steam -generator with the shells arranged eccentrically. Fig. 14 shows an internally-fired steam-generator with eccentrically-arranged shells, furnaces at different levels, and fine-tubes. Figs. 15 to 20, inclusive, are detail views illustrating methods of building up the shells of compound steam-generators constructed according to this invention.

In the example shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,

a and b indicate two shells riveted to endplates 0. These shells form two steam-generating compartments (1 and e. f and g are two internal furnaces extending through the inner steam-generating compartment d to a combustion-chamber h. 7c is are flue-tubes extending through the inner compartment 01 from the combustion-chamber h to a chamber m, arranged at the front of the generator. 'n'n are flue-tubes extending through the outer.

compartment e from the front chamber m to a rearwardly-arranged uptake 0. The products of combustion pass from fires in the furnacesf and g into the combustion-chamber h, through the flue-tubes it into the chamber m, and thence through the flue-tubes n into the uptake 0. p is a feed-pump or injector arranged to draw water from any suitable vessel q. 'ris the delivery-pipe. s and t are branch pipes, one to each compartment of the generator. 16 and v are valves in the respective branch pipes. 10 is the steam-supply pipe to the pump 19, and 'y is a cock in the said steam-supply pipe.

Fig. 12 shows a cross-section of a This arrangement enables water to be fed at will to either compartment of the generator. 2 isanother feed-pump. Its suction-pipe 1 has branches 2 and 3, one to each compartment of the generator. 4 and 5 are valves in the said branches. 6 is the delivery-pipe with branches 8 and 9, one to each compartment of the generator. 10 and 11 are valves in the branches 8 and 9. 12 is the steam-supply pipe to the pump .2, and 13 is a cock therein. This arrangement enables hot water to be transferred at will from one compartment to another. 14 14 are connections each containing a relief or reducing valve 15 between the inner compartment d and the outer compartment 6. The connections 14 extend from the steamspace of the compartment d to the lower portion of the compartment 6. Each pipe 14 is also provided with a branch 16, leading to the steam-space of the compartment e and provided with a stop-valve 17. 18 18 are loaded safety-valves connected to the compartment cl and adapted to act should the relief-valves 15 through any cause cease to act. 21 is a safety-valve loaded to the lower pressure it is desired to maintain in the outer compartment e. With this arrangement when the pressure in the inner compartment 61 rises above that for which the valves 15 are set such excess will be relieved by the opening of the valves 15, past which steam will flow into the outer compartment 6, entering the water near the bottom or, if preferred, entering the steamspace near the top through the valve 17. 19 19 are further connections between the compartment d and the compartment 6, provided with relief-valves 20 20, adapted to allow steam from the outer compartment to enter the inner compartment, should the pressure in the latter be at any time less than the pressure in the former. Any excess of pressure in the outer compartment e will be relieved by the opening of the safety-valve 21, through which steam will escape into the atmosphere. v22 22 are water-gages for each compartment. 23 is a steam stop-valve which may or may not be connected with an internal antipriming-pipe for delivering steam from the inner compartment for driving the engines or other purposes. It will be understood that each compartment must be provided with suitable pressure-gages, manholes, mud-holes, blow-'oifflcocks, and other usual and necessary mountings and fittin gs. There may be only two compartments, as shown, or there may be more than two. In the latter case each intermediate compartment has feeding andrelief, devices and connections with the inner and outeradjacent compartments, such as hereinbefore described with reference to the two compartments of the example shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

In the example shown in Figs. 4 and 5, d, e, and e are three steam-generating compartments, f and g are internal furnaces, and 7c are flue-tubes extending through the compartments from a combustion-chamber 2. to a c'h am'b'er m, from whence they pass 'byflue-' tubesn'to the uptake 0. 24 is a rear water and steam chamber connected to the outmost compartment 6 by means of short tubes 25.

In the exampleshown in Figs. 6 and 7 there are two steam-generators,similar to that shown 1 'in'Figs. 4 and 5, but arranged back to back,

the uptake leading from a chamber 26, ar-

the chamber 26.

Figs. 8 and 9 show a steam-generator comprising two steam-generating compartments ('1 and e, an external furnace 27, and fluetubes is, extending through the com'part-' ment (1.

Fig. 10 shows two steam-generators con-- nected by pipes 29 to a common steam-drum 30 and heated by an external'furnace 28, cen

trally arranged, so as to promote in the steam-' generators-circulationin the directions of the I arrows, and to assist such circulationthe two generatorsare provided with transverse tubes 31, connecting opposite sides of the compartment 6 below the top of the inmost compartment d,-and like tubes 32, connecting, opposite sides of the compartment 6' below'the' top of the compartment e. tubes 31 and 32 the shells of the compartments d and 6 may be provided at intervals along their upper parts with transverse pockets 33, as shown in Fig. '11.

In thegenerator shown in Fig. 12 there are three cylindrical vessels 34, with three internal furnaces 35. These three vessels are connected to the inmost compartment 01 by pipes,

36. Cross-tubes 31 32 for connecting the wator-spaces of the respective innercompartments may be provided, as shown by dotted.

lines. 7

Fig. 13 shows three steam-generating compartments d e e,arranged eccentrically. The

.inmost contains two internal furnaces f g,

and each of the other compartmentscontains' k and n are flueone internal furnace 37. tubes.

Fig. 14: shows two steam-generating com-.

partments d and e, eccentrically arranged, in each of which there is a pair of internal furnacesf g or f g. represents'flue-tubes.

The shell of a steam-generator constructed with compartments one within another, as set forth, may be built up in any convenient manner, according to modern boilershop practice. Figs. 15 to 19, inclusive, illustrate several methods of construction in which an outer compartment is provided with an end. plate 0 separate from the end plate of an inner compartment and in which the plates are flanged for dispensing with the use of angleirons.

Fig. 20 shows a construction of'steam-gen-- In lieu of the erator according to this invention in which the endplate'c is common to the'several compartments, but is of diiferent thicknesses for each compartment, according to the'p'ressures it is proposed to maintain.

The surrounding compartment or compartments might in some cases be subdivided by longitudinal or other partitions instead of bemore steam-generating compartments one sur rounding another and connected together in such a way that the pressure of the steam therein decreases from the inmost compart- 'ment to the outmost compartment.

therefrom into an outer compartment.

4. A steam generator comprising two or more steamgenerating compartments, one surrounding another, means for feeding hot water to the inner from the outer of said compartments, and means whereby any excess of pressure in a surrounded compartment will be relieved by discharging steam or Water therefrom into an outer compartment, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

5. A stea m-generator comprising more than two cylindrical boiler-shells of dififerent'diameters arranged one within another and form in g an intermediate compartment or intermediate compartments, end plates to which said shells are connected, and means for feeding hot water from an inner compartment to an outer com partment,snbstantiallyas described for the purpose specified.

6. A steam-generator comprising more than two cylindrical boiler-shells of difierent diameters arranged one within another and forming an intermediate compartment or interm e diate compartments, end plates to which said shells are connected, means for feeding hot water from an outer to an inner compartment, and means whereby any excess of pressure in a surrounded compartment will be relieved by discharging fluid therefrom into an outer compartment, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

7. A steam-generator comprising. steamgenerating compartments one within another with the interiors of the compartments norcompartments one within another, and means for supplying fluid to each of the said compartments independently of the other compartment or compartments.

9. Asteam-generator comprising fluid-tight compartments one within another, an inner one of thesaid compartmentscontaining water and steam, and an outer one of the said compartments containing fluid at a pressure less than the said steam.

10. A steam-generator comprising fluidtight compartments one Within another, an

inner one of the said compartments containing water and steam, and an outer one of the said compartments containing air at a pressure less than the said steam.

11. Asteam-generatorcomprisingcompartments one surrounding another, means for supplying Water to an. inner one of the said compartments, means for supplying fluid to an outer one of the said compartments, and means for enabling fluid to pass automatically from an outer one to an inner one of the said compartments should the pressure in the said outer compartment exceed the pressure in the said inner compartment.

12. Asteam-generatorcomprisingcompartments one surrounding another, means for supplying water to an inner one of the said compartments, means for supplying fluid to an outer one of theisaid compartments, means for enabling excessof pressure in the said inner. compartment to berelieved automatically by the escape of fluid therefrom into the said outer compartment, means forenabling excess of pressure in the said outer compartment to be relieved automatically by the escape of steam or fluid therefrom into the said inner compartments, means for preventing the pressure in the said inner compartment from exceeding a definite amount and means for preventing the pressure in the said outer compartment from exceeding a,

definite amount.

13'. Asteam-generatorcomprisingcompartments one surrounding another, means for supplying water to each of the said compartments, means provided for each of the said compartments to enable excess of pressure thereinto be relieved automatically by the escape of fluid therefrom into the other of the said compartments and means provided for each of the said compartments to prevent the pressure therein :from exceeding a definite amount.

14. Asteam-generatorcomprisingcompartments one surrounding another, means for supplying water to each of the said compartments independently of the other, means for supplying hot water from an outer one of the said compartments to an inner one of the said compartments, means provided for each of the said compartments to enable excess of pressure therein to be relieved automatically by the escape of fluid therefrom into the other of the said compartments, and means provided for each of the said compartments to prevent the pressures therein from exceeding definite relations to each other.

15. Asteam-generator comprising compartments one surrounding another, an outer one of the said compartments containing steam at a lower pressure than the inner of the said compartments, and a chamber orwater-back connected to the said outer compartment and forming, with the said innercompartment a combustion-chamber.

Signed at 77 Cornhill, London, E. (3., England, this 7th day of June, 1901.

. v WILLIAM MORGANS.

lVitnesses:

HENRY MAYKELS, WM. 0. BROWN. 

